# Gematria

A basis definition of gematria, meaning words that have the same measure, in letter value, aka secret name "word geometry", so to say; compare: isopsephy (Greek).

In terms, gematria (Hebrew), from the Egyptian geōmetria (geometry), from Geb- "earth" + -meter "measure", from Greek metron "meter, a verse; that by which anything is measured; length, size, limit, proportion"[1], or equivalently “isopsephy” (Greek), refers to the method of assigning a number to each word, via either the Greek (see: Greek alphabet) or Hebrew (see: Hebrew alphabet) number assignment for each letter, e.g. A = 1, B = 2, etc., using the English alphabet; the sum of number equivalent of each letter being the word’s so-called “numerical equivalence”, a great deal of which is coded into the names and words used in the ancient religions, e.g. ‘Brahma’ and ‘Abrahm’ have the same numeric value (King, 1864).[2]

## ΘΔ = ThermoDynamics

See main: ΘΔ = ThermoDynamics

### Δ | Forbes

In c.1825, James Forbes, age 16, Scottish physicist, mentor to William Rankine, at the Edinburgh University, who is connected to William Thomson, the core originator of the second law of thermodynamics (1854), contributed papers to the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, anonymously under the signature "Δ", the classical symbol[3], in chemistry, for heat and or transformation, as a coded-pseudonym for a person who is interested in heat, work, or transformation, or something along these lines?[4]

### Delta | 345

The basic model of the Egyptian Nun or Ogdoad, the god personification of the beginning, as watery abyss, void, emptiness, chaos, or space, out of which land arose (god: Atum), out of the tip of which the sun god (god: Ra) was born, from which all the other gods were engendered, namely: air (god: Shu) and Tefnut (moisture); earth (god: Geb) and sky (god: Nut); then Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys.

The gematria value for delta (Δέλτα), symbol Δ, which is the 4th letter in the Greek alphabet is "345", which is the gematria equivalent of the Greek work "void" (κενός) or "empty":[5]

Delta
D e l t a
Symbol Δ έ λ τ α
Name
(#)
Delta
(4th)
Epsilon
(5th)
Lambda

(12th)

Tau
(21th)
Alpha
(1st)
Value 9 5 30 300 1 345

The significance of "delta", the symbol "Δ" of the Egyptian pyramids, being numerically equivalent to "345", code for the word "void" or emptiness", is that in the original Egyptian creation myths, which went through several "recensions" (see: recension theory)[6], as shown below, as the religious power centers shifted over the centuries, from which the Greeks constructed their alphabet and god pantheon, the god Nun[7] (or Nu), in the Heliopolis creation myth (3,100BC), and the 8-god family "Ogdoad"[8] (which subsumed the god Nun), in the Hermopolis creation myth (2,400BC), were conceptualized as the god or god family of emptiness, void, chaos, or watery abyss, out of which all the other gods were born:

0. Pre-Dynastic creation myth | 3500BC | Supreme god: Horus
1. Heliopolis creation myth[9] | 3100BC | Supreme god: Ra or
Atum or Atum-Khepri (Pyramid Texts, 2500BC)
→ Atum-Ra (Coffin Texts, 2100BC) / Ennead
2. Memphis creation myth[10] | 2800BC | Supreme god: Ptah
3. Hermopolis creation myth[11] | 2400 BC | Supreme god: Ogdoad
4. Thebian creation myth | 2050 BC | Supreme god: Amen
5. Amarnan creation myth | 1300BC | Supreme god: Aten (theorist: Akhenaten)
6. Saite recension | 670BC | Book of Dead (canonized)
7. Biblical creation myth | 500BC | Supreme god: El-Yahweh-Amen
8. Muslim creation myth | 700AD | Supreme god: Allah
The numerical etymology of the Theta Θ Delta Δ etymology, the root letters of the word "thermodynamics", showing the Hermopolis creation myth[11] (2400BC), from which Ra (or Ra-Atum) the Egyptian sun god is generated, which was rescripted, via Hesiod (750BC), into the Greek creation myth[12], from which Helios, the Greek sun god is generated.

Hence, out of the emptiness, void, or watery chaos, of Nun or Ogdoad, all of the other gods were "generated". In sum, the sun god, Ra (or Ra-Atum), value: 318, symbol theta Θ or , the sun god, was engendered or born out of the gods Nun or Ogdoad, of space, emptiness, and or chaos. The gist of this Egyptian cosmology seems to be the following:

Theta Θ is born out of Delta Δ
Sun is born out of the void
318 is born out of 345

Just as the pyramid builders believed that the "sun", sun god, or phoenix (Herodotus, 450BC) was born out of the tip of the pyramid, which arose out of the Nun, watery abyss, or void:[13]

In Heliopolis version, Nun was basically a water god, and thought of as the beginning of things. In the Hermopolis recension, Nun, became male and female, with the addition of three other gods, in the Ogdoad god family:

1. Nun (male) and Naunet (female) | Primeval watery abyss (or chaos)
2. Huh (male) and Hauhet (female) | Space or infinity (or void)
3. Kuk (male) and Kauket (female) | Darkness
4. Amen (male) and Amenent or Amaunet (female) or Niau Niaut [alternative] | Hiddenness

The key Δ-related god pair here being: Huh and Hauhet, the god and goddess of space, void, or infinity, which the Greeks later coded into their alphabet via the 4th letter Delta (value: 345) meaning "empty" or "void".[5] In modern terms, the Egyptians, via this Huh+Hauhet / Nun god-coding method, in their attempts to explain natural phenomena, seems, therefore, to be captured aptly in the following statement:

“The vacuum left by fire lifts a weight.”
Robert Hooke (1675), “A New Invention in Mechanics of Prodigious Use”

This so-called "Hookean heat axiom", was transferred to Denis Papin, Sadi Carnot, William Thomson, and Rudolf Clausius to become the new science of thermodynamics.

### D | English

The significance of this was carried forward into the English alphabet, via the fourth letter D, many words of which tracing to this ancient etymology, e.g. death, die, meaning to go "into the void" (or vacuum), which one came; for example:

“There is nothing to seek, nor anything to put one’s hopes on, except the nothingness and the vacuum that is the principle of all things. Our parents came forth from this vacuum and they returned there after death.”
— Foe Kiao (c.25BC), Publication; Pierre Bayle (1697) in his Historical Dictionary, Volume 5

Along with words like divide, derivation, derivative, etc.

Beyond this basic nothingness or vacuum etymology of delta, we also note that in 2100BC the Egyptians also had the concept of "Maat"[14], which was the "moral ordering" principle of the universe, which was bound or intertwined with the void or emptiness of creation. The Maat | Moral order section discusses this aspect of the Egyptian creationism philosophy.

### Greeks

In 850BC, all the Greeks, beginning with Lycurgus, Orpheus, Solon, Thales, Pythagoras, Empedocles, Herodotus, Democritus, Plato, Eudoxus, and Manetho, travelled to Egypt, via the study abroad method, to learn Egyptian cosmology, sciences, arts, and religions, from which they learned that the beginning of things was emptiness or chaos:

“In the beginning was chaos.”
— Isiodos (c.850), Publication [15]

In the formation of the 22-letter Greek alphabet, we note that ordering of the letters in the alphabet, according, we might conjecture that the Theta (letter: 9), symbolic of the Ennead, was born out of the Delta (letter: 4), the number four being possibly symbolic of the four elements: water, earth, fire, air, generated in that order, which are all generated out of the "one" void or chaos of beginning, which would be related in some why, in Egyptian logic, to the letter Alpha (letter: 1)?

### Hesiod | Chaos

The basics of the first part of the Hesiod creation myth, showing "chaos" (value: 345) as the "one" thing at the start, at the tale end of which "Helios" (value: 318), the Greek sun god, is generated.[12]

In 750BC, Hesiod penned his Theogonia, in which, based on the Egyptian pantheon[16], he made a new Greek pantheon[17], according to which "chaos", value: 345, symbol delta Δ, was the beginning, out of which the various gods, such as Helios, value: 318, symbol theta Θ, the sun god, was generated.[12]

The following is shows the gematria value for Hesiod's Theogony (Theogonía), showing that its numerical equivalent is "218", that theo has a valeu of "84, and that gonia has a value of "134", although it is difficult to say if these have any meaning in itself?

Theogonía
T h e o g o n i a
Symbol Θ ε ο γ ο ν ί α
Name
(#)
Theta
(9th)
Epsilon
(5th)
Omicron
(16th)
Gamma
(3rd)
Omicron
(16th)
Nu
(14th)
Iota
(10th)
Alpha
(1st)
Value 9 5 70 3 70 50 10 1 218
84 134

We do, however, note that the term theos, or dios (Spanish) meaning god or gods, which seems to derived from Hesiod, and or its cultural usage during this period, as a value of "284" which is code for the "sun" (or sun god), as discussed below.

In 353BC, Epicurus, age 12, was frustrated with his teacher's inability to explain to him the meaning of "chaos"; after which, through study, he found Democritus’ idea about the "atom", which seemed to him the most promising clue.

In c.300BC, this ΔΘ-motif, was rescripted, in the Bible (Genesis 1:2), into the simple statement that "in the beginning, the earth was without form and void". The following is a verbal synopsis of this overall cultural myth transition and rescription:

“The creation story of the Bible, the Enuma Elish, is derived from more ancient Mediterranean texts, with either the Egyptian or the Sumerian being the oldest. It is identical to the Egyptian myths, for instance, in the separation of the earth from the sky during one of the epochal ‘days’, but the Egyptian story uses anthropomorphisms to express it in the forms of the sky god (Shu) lifting the arch of heaven (the goddess Nut) away from the earth (Geb). As ‘the earth was without form and void’ (Genesis 1:2), all was nothingness in the empty chaos of Nu, the abysm of space in the Egyptian cosmogony. As god spoke commands and they instantly became reality, so did Thoth, the head of the primeval Ogdoad of gods (‘original eight’) in the oldest (Heliopolitan) Egyptian myth.”
— Bruce Rex (1996), Architects of the Underworld (pg. 292)

The best summary of the origin of the Egyptian-to-Jewish rescript of the Nun/Ogdoad to “In the beginning everything was without form and void” is found in Gary Greenberg’s 101 Myths of The Bible.[18]

### θ | Thomson

A synopsis of the etymology of the term "thermodynamics" (1854, Thomson), for the earlier German phrase "mechanical theory of heat" (Clausius, 1865).[19]

In 1848, William Thomson, in the edited footnotes to his “On an Absolute Thermometric Scale Founded on Carnot’s Theory of the Motive Power of Heat”, was using the symbol small theta "θ" for degrees of temperature, in the derivation of his absolute temperature scale.[20] The gematria value for theta (Θήτα) is "318", which is symbolic of the diameter of a circle with a 1000 units (thought to be geometric monad nature of the sun god):

Theta
T h e t a
Symbol Θ ή τ α
Name
(#)
Theta
(9th)
Eta
(8th)
Tau
(21th)
Alpha
(1st)
Value 9 8 300 1 318

### Θcs | ΘΔcs | Maxwell

In 1860s, James Maxwell, in his letters to Peter Tait, then drafting Sketch of Thermodynamics (1868), was referring to the newly-science of the "mechanical theory of heat" (Clausius, 1865), recently renamed "thermo-dynamics" (Thomson, 1854), using the Greek shorthand of "Θcs" and or "ΘΔcs"; for example:

“As for instance I think that you might make something of the theory of the absolute scale of temperature by reasoning pretty loud about it and paying it due honor, at its entrance. To pick a hole, say in the 2nd law of Θcs, that if two things are in contact the hotter cannot take heat from the colder without external agency.”
— James Maxwell (1867), “Letter to Peter Tait”, Dec 11 [21][22]
The symbolic and numerical etymology behind James Maxwell's 1873 Greek alphabet coded-description of "thermodynamics" as "ΘΔcs", namely that of the "sun" (or Theta) being born out of the "void" (or Delta).

Another examples:

“I have also a great respect for the elder of those celebrated acrobats, Virial and Ergal, the Bounding Brothers of Bonn …. But it is rare sport to see those learned Germans contending for the priority of the discovery that the 2nd law of θΔcs is the Hamiltonsche Princip, when all the time they assume that the temperature of a body is but another name for the vis viva of one of its molecules, a thing which was suggested by the labors of Gay-Lussac, Dulong, etc., but the first deduced from the dynamical statistical considerations by dp/dt. The Hamiltonsche Princip, the while, soars along in a region unvexed by statistical considerations, while the German Icari (Ѻ) flap their waxen wings in nephelococcygia [cloud-cuckoo-land] (Ѻ) amid those cloudy forms which the ignorance and finitude of human science have invested with incommunicable attributes of the invisible Queen of Heaven.”
— James Maxwell (1873), “Letter to Peter Tait”, Dec (Number 483)
“I return the last page of Clausius. I have got the whole volume from the author. When you wrote the Sketch [of Thermodynamics, 1868] your knowledge of Clausius was somewhat defective. Mine is still, though I have spent much labor upon him and have occasionally been rewarded, e.g. earlier papers on molecular sorting, electrolysis, entropy, and concentration of rays. N.B. In the latter paper, reprinted in the volume, the name of Hamilton does not occur. When you are a-trouncing, trounce him for that. Only perhaps Kirchhoff ignored Hamilton first and Clausius followed him unwittingly not being a constant reader of the R.I.A. transactions and knowing nothing of H except (lately) his Princip, which he and others try to degrade into the 2nd Law of ΘΔ as if any pure dynamical statement would submit to such an indignity. With respect to your citation of Thomson, it would need to be more explicit.”
— James Maxwell (1876), “Letter to Peter Tait”, Oct 13

In 1875, Maxwell, in his Theory of Heat (§8: Heat Engines), was using the symbols: H for heat, θ for temperature (absolute temperature), and φ for entropy.[23]

## Theta | Theos (Dios)

The nine (9) gods of the Ennead, showing Ra (or Ra-Atum), the supreme sun god of Egypt, as the patriarch; this was coded into the Greek alphabet, and by repercussion, the English alphabet, in the ninth letter theta (Θ), representative of the Egyptian symbol of the sun and the nine gods of the Ennead.

The 9th letter of the Greek alphabet is Theta, symbol "Θ", which also has a Gematria value of "9". The number nine is symbolic of the Heliopolis Ennead, the main sun god family of Egypt, comprised of nine gods, the patriarch of which is Ra (or Atum-Ra) the supreme sun god of ancient Egypt. Theta-based derived terms include: Theos, theology, Theodorus, Theophrastus, Thanatos (see Mor), therm, thermal, temperature, thermo-, thermodynamics, ΘΔ (Maxwell, 1873), think, and thought.

### Θ | 9

The symbol for Theta "Θ", as is well known, derives from the Egyptian symbol for the sun:[24]

Egyptian Phoenician Greek Etruscan Modern
Th-
Sun
(Ra)
Sun
(cross center)
Sun
(Ouroboros)
Sun
(eye)
teth tet Theta

That Theta is the sun is clear. As to the progressive development of the shape of the letter Theta, be it a dot, cross, X, or bar, consensus is not clear. Philo of Byblos (c.110) says it is the sun deity, encircled by a ringed serpent, with its head turned inward, and that the dot is the eye of god. John Lydus (555) says theta is the symbol of the cosmos, wherein the airy fiery circle represents the world, and the snake, representing the agathos daimon (or good demon) spans the middle.[24] This all collaborates with the ancient myth of the good sun god Ra or Horus doing battle with the evil snake Apep each night fall, aka the Ouroboros myth, as the Greeks called it.

### Maat | Moral order | World soul

Porphyry (c.280) says the Theta Θ symbol represents the “world soul” or "soul" of the world and connects it with the number “9” of the Ennead.[25] The following is a 17th century residual form of this belief:

“Whatever [?] the power be that creates such an animal out of an egg, that it is either the soul, or part of the soul, or something having a soul, or something existing previous to, and more excellent than the soul, operating with intelligence and foresight.”
William Harvey (c.1630), “On the Source of the Chick Embryo”

Connecting Porphyry's Θ = world soul + Ennead conjecture, with Harvey's "power that turns an egg into an animal", with the Hermopolis creation myth (2800BC), as shown below, wherein the god Ptah makes a golden egg, out of which the sun is born, which was the second main religious recension in Egypt, we have a loose connection between: Maat, Theta Θ, the moral order of the universe, and power:[10]

The following, from Coffin Text 80 (c.2100BC) gives us insight into this Egyptian moral order based theo-philosophy:[26]

“Atum’s two children Shu [life principle] and Tefnut [moral order principle]—whose offspring were Geb [Adam] (earth) and Nut [Eve] (heaven)—and in this Coffin Text 80 (c.2100BC), Shu is identified as the principle of life and Tefnut is identified as the principle of moral order, a concept that the Egyptians referred to as Ma’at [Maat].”
— Gary Greenberg (2000), 101 Myths of the Bible (pgs. 43-49) [18]
A depiction of Ra, Thoth, and Maat riding in Ra's solar boat, though the sky, in the stars, shown inside the arched body of Nut, above which the boat rides.[27]

We also note the following:

“The hymns to Ra which are found in the Book of the Dead and in other funeral works of the ancient Egyptians state that the deities Thoth and Maat stand one on each side of the great god in his boat, and it is clear that they were believed to take some important part in directing its course; and as they were with Ra when he sprang up from the abyss [Δ] of Nu [Nun] their existence must have been coeval with his own. Thoth was a self-begotten god who made calculations concerning the establishing of the heavens, and the stars, and the earth; was the heart of Ra, master of law, both in the physical and moral conceptions of the knowledge of ‘divine speech’. He was the inventor and god of all arts and sciences, the ‘lord of books’, the ‘scribe of the gods’, and ‘mighty in speech’, i.e. his words took effect, and he was declared to be the author of many of the funeral works by which the deceased gained everlasting life.”
— Wallis Budge (1904), The Gods of the Egyptians, Volume One (pgs. 400-27, esp. 401) [28]

Here, according to Budge, Maat was thought to be the "guiding-directive" that determined Ra's path in the sky, for the day, or something along these lines, like a person's destiny.

Related to this, in 1350BC, we find the Akhenaten (c.1380-1335BC)[29], Egypt's first monotheistic pharaoh, who is the considered the archetype role model behind Judaism, behind regularly describing himself as “living in Maat”, meaning living in truth and justice, or something to this effect.[30] A century after this, on the Papyrus of Ani, we find Maat playing the following role in the judgment of the "moral nature" of a person in the afterlife:

“Let there be given to him the offerings which are issued in the presence of Osiris, and may a grant of land be established in the ‘field of offerings’ as for the ‘followers of Horus[31]. Thus, says Horus son of Isis: I have come to you, O Wennefer [high priest of Osiris] (Ѻ), and bring Ani to you. His heart is true, having gone forth from the balance, and he has not sinned against any god or any goddess. Thoth has judged him in writing which has been told to the Ennead, and Maat the great has witnessed. Let there be given to him bread and beer which have been issued in the presence of Osiris, and he will be forever like the ‘follower of Horus’.”
— Anon (1250BC), Egyptian Book of the Dead (§:30B Chapter for not letting Ani’s heart create opposition against him in the god’s domain) (Plate 3-B to 4-A, pgs. 41-42) [32]
The Maat-Thoth version of the Heliopolis creation myth, wherein, out of the void, Maat, Thoth, and Ra are co-generated.

In the following quote, we see Maat connected with the term "dynamic order":

“In the ethical and or philosophical sense Maat means much more than to do what is right. Maat means also the just order established by god in nature and society through the act of creation. It is the dynamic order that is behind all creation, an order man must strive to preserve by conducting himself properly toward god, his fellow men, and all things, even animals. For the Egyptian all life was of a single piece governed by the same moral law. This idea is close to the medieval notion of a natural moral order that is the material expression of the divine order in which human law and human action are participants in and reflections of the larger order of the universe. In the Egyptian view, however, unlike the later Aristotelian concept, this cosmic order does not govern itself nor is it governed by some unmoved mover. When men do evil, they bring disorder to the natural order of things. Accordingly, it is man's responsibility to preserve and restore the natural order by doing what is right, that is, Maat.”
— Richard Gabriel (2002), Gods of Our Fathers: The Memory of Egypt in Judaism and Christianity (pg. 12) [33]

Another take on this comes from Muata Ashby (1997) who alludes to the assertion that “Pa”, as in papa (father), has its etymological roots in the Egyptian Pa Neter (see: neter [god][34]) or “high god”, and that “Ma”, as in mama (mother) has its etymological roots in the order goddess Maat, to the effect that Ra created the universe by putting the Maat in place of chaos; Maat is akin to “universal mother” or “mother nature”, or thereabouts.[35]

### Souls | Split

It is also said that if Maat, theta Θ, or Maat+Thoth, was the conceptual embodiment of the original "world soul", that at one point it was split:

“From the Book of the Dead (xvii. 16) we learn that Shu and Tefnut were supposed to possess but one soul between them, but that the two halves of it were identified with the soul of Osiris and the soul of Ra, which together formed the great double soul which dwelt in Tattu.”
— Wallis Budge (1904), The Gods of the Egyptians, Volume Two (pg. 91) [28]

In Greek mythology, this soul-splitting theory, was re-cast, by Plato, into the myth of Zeus splitting the original "one soul" of ball-shaped humans, into two souls, people their after said to wonder the the earth looking for their lost "soul mate".[36] We also that a person's soul, in the judgment hall of the afterlife, is weighed (see: soul weight)[37] on the "scale of Maat".

### ⊕ | ⊗ | Tet | Compass

A visual of the conjecture, knowing that the Phoenician Tet symbol "⊗" has been called the "compass", and that the loadstone was known as the "bone of Horus" by the Egyptians, that the Greek Theta sun symbol "Θ" derived, in part from early Egyptian ideas about the relation between north, south, and magnetism, in respect to the location of the rising sun, and or Horus, as the sun god, doing battle each night with the evil snake Apep?

The connective etymology of Theta with the X or "cross", however, remains an a bit of unsolved etymology, as this symbology dates back to 3100BC and the stone-carved symbols of the "walking ankh" symbol.[38] One conjecture, noting firstly that as Horus is the "oldest god of all" or the "oldest of all Egyptian gods" (Budge, 1905), and secondly that the Egyptians referred to the lodestone (or magnetism) as the "bone of Horus":

“The loadstone is called, by the Egyptians, the ‘bone of Horus’, as iron is the ‘bone of Typho’ [Set].”
— Manetho (c.300BC), Publication; cited by Plutarch [27]

and thirdly knowing that the form of theta in Old Hebrew and Phoenician was the letter or symbol "tet" ‘⊕’ (or ⊗), such as summarized below, is reasoned argument that the cross in the solar circle represented a North-South West-East directionality indicator to the ancient Egyptians, in the sense of where the sun rises and sets:[39]

“In Old Hebrew and Phoenician as the letter tet ‘⊕’, also known as the ‘compass’, is part of all early alphabets, including Mayan, Chinese, Linear A & B, Etruscan, and the Indus Valley scripts. It also appears on early rock paintings all over the world. The tet became the Greek theta, originally written ⊕ (now θ). Theta is the first letter of god: theos [see: theology], and his throne or thronos.”
— Esther Stein (2018), The Visible Kingdom of God: the Song of Noah [40]

The gist of this symbolic supposition is summarized aptly by William Drummond (1818), a scholar noted[41] for influence on Percy Shelley, as follows:[42]

“In the annals of the Egyptians we meet with little to authorize us to suppose that they were acquainted with the polarity of the needle, if we can believe that so scientific a people could have been ignorant of a fact, which was not unknown to other Oriental nations. There are however some circumstances, which indicate that the Egyptians were really no strangers to this fact; but, like other secrets of their science, it must be looked at through the veil of allegory. Greaves found a magnet, formed in the shape of a beetle, on the breast of a mummy. Now we know that the beetle was a solar type; and the use of this magnet had been undoubtedly to point north and south, and thus served to indicate to its possessor, when the sun came to the meridian. We learn from Plutarch, that the north was the region of Typhon [Set], and the south that of Horus—that the Great Bear was the constellation of the former, and Orion that of the latter. But Plutarch tells us, that the loadstone was called the bone of Horus, and the iron the bone of Typhon. It is further remarkable, that the poets almost always put Orion and the Great Bear in opposition, though the relative positions of these two constellations do not strictly correspond with this supposed hostility. Hear Euripides:
A depiction of Horus, as the sun god, also associated with Orion, whose bone was associated with loadstone, who, in early stages of Egypt, did battle, nightly, with Set (or Apep), or the Bear constellation, whose bone is associated with iron, in the form of a snake, according to which the Theta symbol "Θ" (value: 318) derives from a combination of the sun, magnetism, and the sword of Orion (thought to be the soul of Horus), pointing the direction of north, or something along these lines. Seemingly having something to do with using the Orion constellation to find north.[43]
Πλειάς [Pleiades] μεν [men] ήει μεσοπόρου [intermediate] δι' [for] αιθέρος, [ether]
ό τε ξιφήρης [sword] 'Ωρίων [Orion] ύπερθε δε [not]
Αρκτος [Bear] στρέφουσ' [turn] ουραία [tail] χρυσήρει [goldsmith] πόλω [pole]
— Euripides (413BC), Ion (§:1152) [44]
“A Pleiad hastened through the middle sky,
with Orion and his sword; above,
Arktos turned his golden tail on the pole”
— Euripides (413BC), Ion (§:1152) [45]
Why is Orion called ξιφήρης [swordsman]? Why is he represented with a sword which he points to the north? Why does the Latin poet term him ferroque minax? Is it meant that Orion, or Horus, having wrested the iron from Typhon, always points it against him? Homer, after remarking that the Bear turns round the pole, adds, [Greek]. The scholiast says that the Bear always contemplates Orion as the leader of the Dog, [Greek], he continues [Greek].
The Egyptian fable of the enmity between Horus and Typhon was an allegory, which was probably made applicable to various subjects. In short it was a mixed fable. The loadstone was the bone of Horus; the iron was the bone of Typhon. The constellation of Typhon, on one side of the zodiac, is represented as always pointing to, and regarding the constellation of Horus on the other, as the iron turns towards the magnet. Horus, or Orion, the lord of the south, points his sword towards Typhon, the lord of the north, as the needle points to the pole. These allusions may seem strained and remote; but we must be often contented with such, in endeavoring to explain the mystical and symbolical types, by which the Egyptians darkly expressed their knowledge.
When we are told that Typhon ruled the region to the right hand (the north); that Horus ruled the region to the left hand (the south); and that the loadstone was the bone (the strength) of Horus, and the iron the bone (the strength) of Typhon; how can we doubt that some indication, though it be obscurely expressed, is given of the polarity of the magnetic needle? I have not a copy of Hor-Apollo at hand; but, if I do not forget, he mentions the needle as an Egyptian hieroglyphic. The author of the book entitled Hor-Apollo was a Greek, named Philip, who lived in the fourth century; and his explanations of the ancient hieroglyphics are often very unsatisfactory. If a needle existed among the curiologic characters, it probably indicated the magnetic needle. What else could a needle signify in the hieroglyphical writings of the sages of Egypt?”

We also have the following:

“The Egyptians say that the souls of their gods shine as the stars in the firmament, and the soul of Isis is called by the Greeks the Dog Star, but the Egyptians Sothis, and the soul of Horus is called Orion, and the soul of Typhon [Set] is called the Bear.”
— Plutarch (100AD), On Isis and Osiris (pg. 53)

Some of which, in astro-theological terms, being found recast into the Bible story of 2 Kings 2:24.[46]

The equivalent of this, in the Nordic mythology rescript of the myth, is the story of how "Thor" (Nordic equivalent of Horus) has a magic magnetic hammer that comes back to his hand whenever it is thrown, similar to the way amber attracts feathers or the loadstone attracts iron.

The words: holy, sacred, god,deity, shining, brilliant, noble, divine, and of earth are each numerically equivalent to the number "284".[5]

### Theos | God | 284

The following shows the gematria for theos, Θεός (Greek), Dios (Spanish), or "god", which is equivalent to the number 284:[5]

Theos
T h e o s
Symbol Θ ε ο ς
Name
(#)
Theta
(9th)
Epsilon
(5th)
Omicron
(16th)
Sigma
(20th)
Value 9 5 70 200 284

Mathematically, the number “228” is significant in that, with the number “220”, the form the smallest pair (220, 284) of so-called “amicable numbers”, i.e. friendly numbers, the pairs of which, in ancient times, thought to represent mutual friendship, perfect harmony, and “love” (Grime, 2011).[47][48]

A video still on the amicable numbers 220 and 284, by Games Grime (2011) of Numberphile, wherein he explains how these are lovers numbers, thought to represent perfect harmony when joined.[48]

Thus pairs of lovers would inscribe 220 and 284 on talismans, with which one person would ware one, and the other would be worn by the person’s lover; such as shown below (left), or cut fruit, such as an apple, into 220/284 ratio, and given one to each lover, and when consumed they would complete each other, or something along these lines:[49][50]

### 220 | Chosen one | Christ | Messiah

The significance of the number "220", as the presumed lover, friend, or mathematical counterpart of "god" (284), such as Hesiod (c.750BC) would likely have known, when he wrote Theogony, remains to be discerned? Certainly, the Egyptians, were keen to the meaning of this number, being that the Greeks learned all their math from the Egyptians. It is known that Pythagoras (c.520BC), according to Iamblichus (300AD), knew about the 220 and 284 amicable number pair.[51]

In 1953, Paul Case, in his The True and Invisible Rosicrucian Order, discerned that the numerical value of "chosen one", employed throughout the Old Testament, is numerically equivalent to 220:

Bechir (Chosen One)
ir ech B
Symbol ר י ח ב
Name
(#)
Resh Yod Het Bet
Value 200 10 8 2 220

He describes this as follows:

“The number 220, the value of R. C. (and of C. R., which is the next set of initials used in the story), is the first of those numbers called ‘amicable’ or ‘friendly’ by the Pythagoreans. This would be known to the erudite of Europe who had studied such works as the writings of Nichomachus, lamblichus, and Boetius. Amicable numbers are those in which the aliquot parts or submultiples of the first add to a second number that, in turn, has aliquot parts or submultiples whose sum is the first number. The first pair of amicable numbers is 220 and 284. The aliquot parts of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55, and 110. The sum of these numbers is 284. The aliquot parts of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, and 192. The sum of these is 220. Now in Greek Gematria, 284 is the number of agathos (good), hagios (sacred, holy), and theos (god). Really, the three words are simply different ways of saying the same thing. Thus, that to which 220 is amicable, or friendly, is god himself. And since the parts of 284 add up to 220 and the parts of 220 add up to 284, we have here a numeral symbol of just what is implied in the union of the hypotenuse with the vertical line of the Pythagorean triangle, and by the coalescence of the words ‘father’ and ‘son’ in the Hebrew for ‘stone’.”
— Paul Case (1953), The True and Invisible Rosicrucian Order (pg. v) [52]
“Again, 220 is the number of the Hebrew word BChIR (בָּחִיר.), bawkheer, meaning ‘chosen, elect’, applied throughout the Old Testament to Israel and transferred by Gnostic Christianity to the spiritual Israel, who receive the sacred inheritance not according to the flesh but according to something higher. The elect, throughout the New Testament, are the saints, the sacred ones, who are the few selected from the many who are called.”
— Paul Case (1953), The True and Invisible Rosicrucian Order (pg. v) [52]
The numerical equivalent of Kar (כר), the Hebrew word for "lamb", and the Christian symbol of Christ, is 220.

Similarly, Kar (כר), the Hebrew word for Lamb, the symbol of Christ, also is numerically equivalent to 220:[53]

Kar (Christ/Lamb)
ar K
Symbol ר כ
Name
(#)
Resh Kaph
Value 200 20 220

In the Bible, Old Testament, it is said that Jacob gave Esau a gift of 220 goats.[51]

Related to this, another theory, suggested by Frank Colijn (2008), is the first initials of the name Jeshua (284) Messiach (220), which is the Hebrew equivalent of Jesus Christ, contain the number pair 284 and 220, as follows, meaning that 220 is code for Messiah, Chosen one, or the "Christ", and that 284 is "god" (or Jesus) depending on interpretation:[54]

Moreover, the used of amicable number pairs, according to Colijn, is a way mathematically code the various names of the different gods in the Old Testament. The numerical equivalent of the god Yahweh Elohim, himself a syncretism of the gods Yahweh + Elohim, e.g. is “112”, which is a number that as nine divisors: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 56. The number “56” is the “9th” and last of these divisors, and product of 9 and 56 is “504”, which is the sum of the smallest amicable number pair (220 + 284). Other numerical patterns like this can be found if one digs around in the ordering of the Hebrew words and letters in the Old Testament.[54] It remains to be determine, however, as to how much of this number pattern finding is what called "reading into" things patterns that are not there, or put there by someone intentionally, but rather are after the fact derived mathematical coincidences?

#### Ramanujan | Ideal friends

In 1919, Ramanujan, while studying mathematics at Oxford, was asked why he didn’t have any friends, he replied that he expected his friends to be “like numbers 220 and 284” (Ѻ), the perfect friendship (or love union), which is hard to find.

## Helios | 318

Five words that render numerically as "318", including Helios and Theta.[5]

The name Helios, the Greek name for the "sun", in the Greek alphabet, is, like the letter "theta", numerically equivalent to the number 318:

Helios
H e l i o s
Symbol Ή λ ι ο ς
Name
(#)
Eta
(8th)
Lambda
(12th)
Iota
(10th)
Omicron
(16th)
Sigma
(20th)
Value 8 30 10 70 200 318

The number "318" is the diameter of the so-called "divine solar circle" with a circumference of 1000 units.

### Abram | Eliezer

In the Bible, Abram had 318 servants or warriors that were born "in his house"; namely:

“When Abram heard that his relative had been taken captive, he called out the 318 trained men born in his household and went in pursuit as far as Dan.”
— Anon (c.250BC), Bible (Genesis 14:14) (NIV)

Moreover, the name Eliezer, in the Hebrew alphabet, the chief servant of Abraham, who is his official son and heir, provided Abram never begets any children, from his own loins, is also numerically equivalent to 318.

## Abraham | Sarah | 243 / 248

The names of both Abram (value: 243) and Sarai (value: 510), in the Bible (value: 314), are both commanded, by god, to be changed to Abraham (value: 248) and Sarah (value: 505). In Hinduism, the names of the god Brahma and his goddess wife Saraswati are said to have the same numerical (or gematria) value. Both sets of names anthropomorphisms of the celestial relation between the annual movements of the sun and the start Sirius, which were correlated to the annual 150-day Nile River flood.

The character of Abraham, was originally referred to as "Abram", or Hebrew: אַבְרָם‎‎, Modern: 'ʾAvram', Tiberian: 'ʾAḇrām'; the numerical value of this, according to the Hebrew alphabet is "243" as shown below:

Abram
m ra b A
Symbol ם רָ בְ אַ
Name
(#)
Mem
(13th)
Resh
(20th)
Bet
(2nd)
Alef
(1st)
Value 40 200 2 1 243

His name was "changed", per order of god, to "Abraham", or Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם‎‎, Modern: 'ʾAvraham', Tiberian: 'ʾAḇrāhām'; Arabic: إبراهيم‎, Ibrāhīm; Greek: Ἀβραάμ, romanized: Abraám; specifically, by adding the letter "H" which as a value of "5", which yields 248:

Abraham
he ra b A
Symbol ם הָ רָ בְ אַ
Name
(#)
Mem
(13th)
He
(5th)
Resh
(20th)
Bet
(2nd)
Alef
(1st)
Value 40 5 200 2 1 248
A visual synopsis of the "sun + Sirius" cycle, astro-theology motif, was anthropomorphized cross culturally: "Ra + Isis" union (Egypt, 2500BC) → "Brahma + Saraswati" union (India, 900BC) → "Abraham + Sarah" union (Judea, 300BC).[55]

The use of the number "248" occurs in Old Testament, wherein among the 613 commandments, 248 of them are “positive commandments”, proscriptions to “perform certain acts”, whereas the other 365 commandments (one for each day of the year), “negative commandments”, proscriptions to abstain from certain acts. The sum of "248" (gematria of Abraham) and 365 (days in a year) is 613.[56][57][58]

The basis of these numbers derived from the geo-astronomical connection of the following annual observed phenomena:

“Who is there that does not know that the vapor of the sun [Ra (value: 248)] is kindled by the [Jun 25] rising of the dog-star [Sirius; Sarah (value:505)]? The most powerful effects are felt on the earth [Geb (365-days)] from this star. When it rises, the seas are troubled, the wines in our cellars ferment, and stagnant waters [Nile River] are set in motion [150-day flood].”
— Pliny the elder (77AD), “On the Rising of the Dog Star” [59]

In other words, people believed that when Sirius made its annual helical rising, on Jun 25th, after being absent from the sky for 70-days, that this day marked both the start of the annual 150-day Nile River flood period, and the start of the growth or rekindling of the power of the sun. The movements of the star Sirius became the motif behind the characters Sarah and Saraswati.[60][61]

### Curse of Ra | +5 epagomenal days

One conjecture is that the addition and subtraction of the number "5" from the names of Abraham and Sarah, is a rescript of the Egyptian myth of the "curse of Ra" and the addition of the 5 epagomenal days to the Egyptian calendar (360 + 5 = 365).

### Venus?

One conjecture, argued by Gary Greenberg (c.2000), is that the adding of the Hey letter ה‎, number value: 5, to the name of Abram (meaning: sun), and also to Sarah (meaning: Sirius), was symbolic if giving them “life”. In this context, one remote theory suggests that “243” is symbolic of the period of rotation of Venus.[62] A day on Venus lasts for 243 earth days, the longest day of any planet in the solar system. In this sense, we note that the Romans believed that the “vis” (or life force) of Venus was what was given to children to make them have “vita” (come alive). The knowledge that Venus has a period of rotation of 243 days, however, supposedly, was not known until Bianchini (1726) determined this by studying the spots on Venus.

### Brahma | Saraswati

See main: Abraham and Brahma [55]

The names of both Brahma and Saraswati, supposedly, are said to have the same "numerical value" as those of Abraham and Sarah:

“The relations of the Sephiroth, or Æons, to one another the Kabalists represent by a number of circles intersecting in a mysterious manner ad infinitum, or else by the figure of a man, or a tree, formed out of such circles. This figure of the ‘man’, Seir Anpin, consists of 243 numbers, the numerical value of the letters in the name Abram, signifying the different orders in the celestial hierarchy. The original idea was apparently taken from the Hindu figure of Brahma and the various castes typified by the several parts of his body: in fact, the names Abram and Brahma are equivalent in numerical value. The ten Sephiroth served as types for the creation ; from them emanated the four worlds, Aziluth, Briah, Jezirah, and Asiah, each world successively proceeding out of that above it, but each lower one enveloping its superior. A theory this similar to Plato's concerning the arrangement of the spheres, described in his vision of Er. He compares them to a set of the hemispherical bowls used by jugglers, fitting loosely one within the other.”
— Charles King (1864), The Gnostics and Their Remains (pg. 13); cited by Helena Blavatsky (1897) in The Secret Doctrine, Volume Three (pg. 103); cited by Hilton Hotema (1963) in Secret of Regeneration (pg. 137) [63]
“Charles King, in his The Gnostics (1887), states that the words ‘Brahma’ and ‘Abrahm’ have the same ‘numerical value’. The root is ‘bar’ (creare); allied to ‘libar’, a sunbeam, and ‘bhri’, to produce.”
— Hilton Hotema (1963), Secret of Regeneration [64]

The attempt to understand the significance of these numbers, however, becomes rather complex, at this point (and not exactly clear); to cite one example:

“A deep mystery is concealed in the account of the conversion of the names of Abram ABRM into Abraham ABRHM and that of his wife Sarai SHRI into Sarah SHRH (Genesis 17:5-15), on the occasion of the conception of Isaac YTzCHQ or YSHCHQ from the root SHCHQ or TzCiIQ ‘laugh’, when Sarah was 90 and Abraham 100 years old, this was on the occasion of the covenant made by Jehovah with Abram, and the institution of circumcision of males in token thereof. Now, here we have the addition of an H or 5, the essentially ‘female letter’ to the name of Abraham, and a conversion of a Yod into He, Y into H, in the case of Sarah, and then their sterility is destroyed.
Some learned men consider Abraham to be a conversion of Brahma the Hindoo deity. The name splits up curiously: AB is father, BR is son, AM is like OM or AUM a deific name of power; RM meant ‘he is lifted up’. Blavatsky remarks that Abraham and Saturn were identical in astro-symbology, the father of the Pharisees was Jehovah, and they were of the seed of Abraham. The number of ABRM is 1, 2, 200, 40 or ‘243’, the number of the man figure Seir Anpin, representing Microprosopus. Read Pistorius, Ars Cabalistica (pg. 969), for the effect of adding H or ‘5’ to men's names, also Inman, Ancient Faiths, article Abraham; Secret Doctrine (i. 578, ii. 77); also Charles King, The Gnostics. The name Sarah also has a curious set of similars in Hebrew, SRH, princess; SAR. flesh; SOR, gate; SCHR, black; SOR, hairy seir; SRT, incision; SR and SRR, navel; and note the Sacti of Brahma is Sara-swati, watery; Sara refers to SRI, Lakhsmi, Aphrodite, and all are related to water and luna, Vach Sophia of the Gnostics, and the ideal holy ghost, all feminine. S. L MacGregor Mathers says 243 of Abram becomes 248 by adding H, and Sarai 510 becomes 505 by taking 5 off, putting H for Y, and the total of the two names is unaltered, being 753; 248 is the number of the members of Microprosopus and of RCHM, rechem or Mercy.”
— Wynn Wescott (1890), “Numbers, their Occult Power, and Mystic Virtues” [65]

The number equivalents of the Hindu or Indian alphabet need to be tracked down.

## Bible | 314 | π

The gematria of the word Bible is "314", code for π or 3.141596 ..., symbolic of the fact that authors of the Bible coded much of the structure of the text, names, and stories "mathematically", via a conceived "divine geometry", similar to the Pythagoreans.

The word "Bible", or βῐ́βλος (Greek), has a gematria value of "314", which, by no chance, are the first three digits of ${\displaystyle \pi }$ or 3.141596 ..., as shown below:[66]

βιβλος (Bible) / Book of Pi
B i b l e
Symbol β ι β λ α ς
Name
(#)
Beta
(2nd)
Iota
(10th)
Beta
(2nd)
Lambda
(12th)
Omicron
(16th)
Sigma
(20th)
Value 2 10 2 30 70 200 314

At the core of the Bible, secretly named "${\displaystyle \pi }$", is following formula for the so-called divine golden circle, with a diameter of "318", the gematria of both of the Greek words: Theta, symbol of sun: , and Helios (name of sun), and a circumference of "1000", which reduces to the "monad" in factional division:

${\displaystyle \pi ={\frac {1000}{318.318}}}$

Which thus renders, in words, via reverse gematria, as "${\displaystyle \pi }$" or padre (father) being equivalent to:

${\displaystyle \pi ={\frac {\text{Monad}}{\text{Theta-Helios}}}}$

The coding of the word "Bible", as the book of "book of Pi" or the "book of the father", as pi (Π) is the initial of English name father (pater), is thus symbolic of that much of grammatical structure of the Bible is based on so-called geometrical, or "Geb-metered", ordering of words in sentences and and the use of gematria in making the names of the people in the Bible, in respect to circles, diameters, and spheres, much of which based on the circle of the sun. The word "god", or "theos" (or dios in Spanish), has a gematria value of "284", which is the numerical value of the higher value pair of the lowest amicable number set, the other number being "220", which renders as: Christ, Messiah, or "chosen one".

This new mathematical view, naturally enough, obliviates the old now defunct etymology which supposed that the term “Bible”, derived from Semitic-Greek term biblos ‘papyrus, scroll,’ being simply the name of the ancient the city Byblos (Ѻ), the port city through which papyrus was shipped, via the Aegean Sea.

## Other

In Hebrew, gematria is an ancient cypher technique of making names and words, based on the sum of the numerical value of each letter in the word, e.g. 220, which is found in the words: lamb, christ, and the chosen one, and 284, which is found in the words: theos, god, and shining, is the smallest “amicable number” pair, known to ancient Egyptian mathematicians, as a sacred pair, representing the sun god (284) and the chosen one (220) or Messiah.

We also have the gematria values of Isaac (value: 218), Jacob (value: 182), who, like Abraham, was told to change his name to "Israel" (value: 531), which a portmanteau of three gods: Isis + Ra + El (Is-Ra-El); although it remains to be determined if these have any meaning.[67]

### David | 14

In the Bible (Matthew 1:17), gematria equivalent of David’s name is 14 (D + W + D = 4 + 6 + 4); hence, the genealogy of Jesus, of 42 generations between between Abraham and Jesus, is divided into three sets of fourteen generations.[2]

###### Nomes | 42

The number of nomes of ancient Egypt was 42 (22 Upper Egypt + 20 Lower Egypt).[68] Each nome, or state, had a "nome god", each of which, throughout the course of the Egyptian dynasty, was thought to preside over the weighing of the soul, in the Judgment Hall of the afterlife. Accordingly, the weight of the "soul" was determined by sum of the weight of 42 "negative confessions".

## Quotes

The following are related quotes:

“I love the woman whose number is 545.”
— Anon (50BC), graffiti on the walls of the city of Pompeii [2]
“Theta (Θ) is the initial used for god (theos); upsilon (Υ) for the son ([h]uios) (Ѻ)(Ѻ); and pi (Π) as the initial of the father (pater).”
— Kieren Barry (1999), The Greek Qabalah (pg. 74) [5]
“The letter theta (Θ), in the acrostic Ichthys (Greek: ἰχθύς), aka ‘Jesus Fish’, having the same pronunciation as the English diphthong ‘th’, stood for the Greek word Theou (Θεου), which means ‘of god’. The next letter, upsilon (υ), represents the Greek word hwios (υιος) which means ‘son’. Thus, the two letters Θ and υ stand for the ‘son of god’.”
— Constantine Kliora (2009), Catholics, Non-Catholics, and Non-Catholic Catholics (pg. 146)

## End matter

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